Mustard seeds are small, round seeds of the mustard plant, known for their pungent flavor and culinary versatility. They typically measure about 1-2 mm in diameter and come in various colors, including yellow, brown, and black. Mustard seeds are characterized by their spherical shape with a dimpled texture. The taste of mustard seeds can vary from mild and slightly sweet to hot and spicy, depending on the variety. They emit a strong, distinctive odor that is often described as pungent, earthy, and slightly spicy. Mustard seeds are insoluble in water but soluble in oil and vinegar. The density of mustard seed oil is approximately 0.92 g/cm³. In addition to their role in flavoring condiments, dressings, and pickles, mustard seeds are packed with nutrients and potential health benefits. They are a good source of antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins, making them a valuable addition to a balanced diet. Mustard seeds have a rich history of culinary and medicinal use, dating back to ancient times, and continue to be an essential ingredient in various global cuisines.